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Explore by Animal
Mangrove Whiptail Rays

If you don’t see either of our two mangrove whiptail stingrays right away, it’s because these bottom-dwellers feel so at home in the shark habitat of Wild Reef, which features real coral sand on the reef floor.

But when they get the cue that it’s meal time, they swim 18 feet to the top of the habitat to be fed. “It took a lot of training,” says Lise Christopher, collection manager of Wild Reef, “but we were able to accomplish that.” The male and female rays are hand-fed a variety of fish as well as squid and chunks of clam. In the wild, this species (Himantura granulata) has a taste for crabs, sea cucumbers, small fishes, octopus and marine worms. Because a ray’s eyes are on top of its broad, disk-shaped body, and the mouth is on the underside, it can’t see its prey. Instead, this fish uses smell and electroreceptors similar to those of its shark relatives to locate a meal as it cruises the bottom. Stingrays and sharks share the same reef feeding grounds during high tide.

In this photo, you can easily see the ray’s countershading — light on the bottom side so, when viewed from below, it’s camouflaged by bright tropical sunshine; dark on the dorsal side, with white spots, so it’s invisible in the ocean when a predator is overhead. If attacked, the ray’s defense lies in its long, white-tipped tail, which carries one or two serrated, 7-inch spines that pack a toxic wollop. But Lise notes that the whiptails are peaceable creatures. Enjoy a moment of serenity watching them ripple through the reef.

 

 
DID YOU KNOW?
About our sand

Philippines sand is pulverized coral, and it can take several routes before it reaches the reef floor or beach.

The coarsest sand, found on the reef floor, is coral rubble. Chunks of coral skeleton, made of calcium carbonate, are broken off the reef by crashing waves and tropical storms.

Shedd Aquarium shipped 17.5 tons of this coarse sand from the Philippines to create a natural seabed in the 400,000-gallon shark habitat.

Continued wave action erodes the coral, breaking it into ever-smaller pieces and grinding it smooth.

The finest sand, however, reaches the beach by way of parrotfish. They use their sharp beak-shaped teeth to scrape algae from coral skeletons as well as pluck polyps to get the zooxanthellae inside. In either process, they also munch and crunch the coral skeleton, which goes through the fish and exits as powdery sand. A single parrotfish produces about six pounds of sand a year.



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